NASA Funded Rocket Has Six Minutes to Study Solar Heating - Updated

On Sept. 30, 2014, a sounding rocket will fly up into the sky – past Earth’s atmosphere that obscures certain wavelengths of light from the sun — for a 15-minute journey to study what heats up the sun’s atmosphere. This is the fourth flight for the Very high Angular Resolution Ultraviolet Telescope, or VAULT, will launch from the White Sands Missile Range near Las Cruces, New Mexico.

The instrument, now called VAULT2.0, has been refurbished with new electronics and an imaging detector to capture images more frequently than before. While in space, VAULT2.0 will observe light emitted from hydrogen atoms at temperatures of 18,000 to 180,000 degrees Fahrenheit.

“That’s the temperature range where the action is,” said Angelos Vourlidas, the principal investigator for VAULT2.0 at the Naval Research Laboratory in Washington, D.C. “These are the temperatures where the heating of the sun’s atmosphere – the corona — really takes place.”

Understanding how the corona heats remains one of the great, unanswered questions on the sun. The solar surface itself is only about 10,500 F, but further up in the atmosphere, the temperatures rise to million of degrees Fahrenheit – the opposite of what one typically expects when moving away from a heat source. Something heats up that corona, and VAULT2.0 will be watching.

The sounding rocket will fly up to about 180 miles in the air, just below the height where the International Space Station travels. It will fly in an arc, taking 15 minutes from launch to landing back on the ground. This allows for just six minutes of actual observations while it is above the atmosphere, during which VAULT2.0 will capture an image every six to eight seconds. Vourlidas plans to focus the telescope on active regions at the center of the sun – areas of intense and complex magnetic activity, to understand the heating process there.

During the VAULT2.0 launch, three other observatories will watch the same area: NASA’s Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph, or IRIS, the joint Japanese Exploration Agency and NASA’s Hinode, and NASA’s Solar Dynamics Observatory, or SDO. IRIS focuses in on solar material slightly hotter than does VAULT2.0, while Hinode can see solar material both cooler and much hotter. The temperatures also loosely correlate to heights in the atmosphere with the cooler temperatures at the bottom, and the hotter temperatures higher up. SDO will observe the larger scale structure of the solar atmosphere as well as the underlying magnetic field.

“Together the three telescopes will be looking at a sandwich of solar material,” said Vourlidas. “We’ll be looking at the layers from near the surface all the way up into the corona, the layers where the bulk of coronal heating is believed to happen.”

A view of the sun from Sept. 24, 2014 from NASA’s Solar Dynamics Observatory shows bright spots representing magnetically active regions in the lower right quadrant of the sun. The VAULT2.0 mission will focus on this area to better understand what heats the solar atmosphere.
Image Credit:
NASA/SDO

VAULT’s launch time is planned for 1:47 p.m. EDT on Sept. 30. Launch timing will depend on good weather conditions as well as optimum times for coordinating with Hinode satellite and IRIS spacecraft.

VAULT is supported through NASA’s Sounding Rocket Program at the Goddard Space Flight Center’s Wallops Flight Facility in Virginia. NASA’s Heliophysics Division manages the sounding rocket program.

For more information about NASA’s sounding rocket program, visit: http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/sounding-rockets

Update>

Sounding Rocket Launches Successfully – Six Minutes to Study Solar Heating

UPDATE: The Very high Angular resolution Ultraviolet Telescope, or VAULT, was successfully launched on a NASA Black Brant IX sounding rocket at 2:07 p.m. EDT from the White Sands Missile Range in New Mexico. The 1,184 pound payload flew to an altitude of 179 miles before descending by parachute and landing at White Sands. Preliminary results show that all payload systems performed as planned and the science instrument successfully gathered multiple sun exposures. The payload was recovered.

During a 15-minute flight on Sept. 30, 2014, VAULT captured images of an active region on the sun — seen in bright flashes of light on the left — seeking to understand what helps heats such magnetically intense regions. The white lines represent where different images were linked together.
Image Credit:
NASA/VAULT

NASA Funded Rocket Has Six Minutes to Study Solar Heating - Updated